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Electricity and Magnetism

5D20.10 – Temperature Dependence of Resistance

This demonstration illustrates the temperature dependence of resistance. The effect is caused by the fact that the electrons moving through the wire collide with vibrations (phonons) created in the material by thermal noise. At lower temperatures this will happen less, and thus the resistance goes down. In semiconductors and insulators an opposite effect occurs, where resistance decreases with temperature due to the lowering of the Fermi level, and thus less electrons being in the conduction band.

5E50.15 – Thermo-Electric Converter

This demonstration demonstrates the Thermo-Electric effect and the conversion from heat energy into electrical energy and then into mechanical energy. It also demonstrates “useful energy”: the total heat energy is approximately the same in both scenarios, but only in the first one can we actually extract work from it